Swiss
Voters Reject Lumping Marijuana With Hard Drugs; Move To Legalize Marijuana Expected
(Marijuananews note: The above headline has a
positive spin, but it is more accurate than one that recently appeared in the Washington
Post that reported the House Of Lords Committee recommendation of medical cannabis with
the header "Britain Rules Out Legalized Marijuana " See
How The Washington
Post Tells Its Readers
About The House of Lords Report On Medical Marijuana -- With Great Subtlety!The
Swiss "Droleg" initiative was in some respects more than one bridge to far, but
also something less than a libertarian delight. Apparently it would have provided
essentially the same government rationing system for cannabis as for heroin, which would
have been sold in the same place.
In short, had this passed, the Swiss rejection of drug prohibition would have been on
"pragmatic" grounds and would not even deal with the fact that cannabis is
different from most the other currently illicit and licit -- drugs.
I think that this is wrong. Also I think that lumping marijuana with heroin fails the
pragmatic test. The separation of cannabis from other drugs is essential to any successful
policy. I would not want to buy cannabis from the same place that sells heroin or cocaine.
See
"Here, if you want
cannabis you go to a coffee shop.
In other countries if you want it you have to go to a man who might try to sell you heroin
or cocaine as well."
and
Why Marijuana? Why Is There a Separate
Marijuana Reform Movement?
Why Isnt Just Preaching Freedom Enough?
In any case, the Swiss are already dealing humanely with their hard drug addicts, and seem
likely to legalize cannabis. Now the legalization of marijuana seems like the moderate
course that it really is.)
See
Switzerland Moves
Toward Legalization; Sweden Moves Toward Apoplexy
and
Swiss Court Rules
That High THC Hemp Is Really Sold As Marijuana; Appeal Expected To Take Up To 2 Years
November 29, 1998
Swiss Turn Back Bid To Legalize Drugs
By Michael Shields
ZURICH (Reuters) - Swiss voters Sunday rejected by a thumping three-to-one margin a
sweeping proposal to legalize narcotics that backers said would eliminate the drugs mafia
but critics said would make Switzerland a drugs haven.
The plan would have made Switzerland the only country in the world where anyone aged 18
or older could buy narcotics of their choice, from marijuana to
heroin, from state-run outlets or pharmacies after consulting a physician.
With all 26 cantons (states) reporting, the measure had not carried a single canton and
had garnered the support of only 26.1 percent of votes cast.
The proposal had been widely expected to fail, but the drubbing that voters
administered at the polls disappointed organizers who were hoping a sizeable minority
would support making the liberal Swiss drugs policy even more tolerant.
"I am very disappointed. We had expected a much better result," said Francois
Reusser, co-organizer of the committee that collected enough signatures to trigger the
referendum under the Swiss system of direct democracy.
"We were unable to mobilize a wide range of (drugs) consumers themselves, the dope-smokers and ravers, or there would have been a different
outcome," he told Reuters.
He said he hoped government officials would still move to
liberalize the possession and use of soft drugs like marijuana, adding he was ready to
launch a fresh initiative if need be.
"We will keep the pressure on for this, of course," he said.
Thomas Zeltner, director of the Federal Health Bureau in Berne, saw the
vote as popular confirmation of Switzerlands policy of combating the drugs trade but
helping the most severe drug addicts.
But he said Berne was ready to take a fresh look at how
to treat soft drugs like marijuana and hashish.
"We have to continue the discussion about the legalization of cannabis. There
is now such a big gap between the legal regulation of cannabis and reality that we need to
act," he said, adding draft legislation due next year would address this.
The Swiss government and other opponents had called the initiative an extreme measure
that would fuel addiction and isolate Switzerland from international police and justice
cooperation.
But backers said drugs prohibition had failed to stop the supply, instead creating a
black market with no health standards and high prices that forced addicts into theft or
prostitution to fund their habit.
Launched by a committee of drugs experts, doctors and lawyers, the referendum proposal
was backed by leftist politicians and youth chapters of two of three conservative parties
in the Swiss government center-right coalition.
Final results from another referendum Sundays ballot showed voters approved
spending 30.5 billion Swiss francs ($21.69 billion) to build a network of tunnels through
the Alps.
The project, which would ease rail traffic and help clinch passage of bilateral
economic accords with the European Union, passed by a nearly two-to-one margin.

Background from the New York Times
www.nytimes.com
By ELIZABETH OLSON
November 29, 1998
Crime Is Key as Swiss Vote on Legalizing Hard Drugs
GENEVAThe Swiss are voting Sunday on whether to legalize everything from marijuana
to heroin and cocaine, a measure thatif passedwould give Switzerland the most
sweeping decriminalization of drug use, possession and production in Europe.
Government officials are warning that a yes vote could turn this tranquil Alpine
nation into a "paradise for the Mafia," and a magnet for "drug
tourists," attracted by readily available hard and soft drugs.
Proponents of the drug legalization initiative, led by a group of Socialists and
medical doctors, argue that it could break up Switzerlands flourishing black market
in drugs and save the country hundreds of millions of dollars in law enforcement.
They propose to give every Swiss resident over 18 an electronic credit card to withdraw
a specified amount of drugs. The dosage would be set in consultation with a doctor or
other medical professional, but no psychological or medical treatment would be mandated.
Only those younger than 18 would be required to see a drug counselor before receiving an
access card.
The card, explained a Zurich physician, David Winizki, an originator of the concept,
"would be like making a withdrawal from a bank cash terminal."
"The dose would be programmed in," he continued. "The consumer would run
the card with its magnetic strip through the machine and the drug store would supply, for
example, a gram of heroin for 12 Swiss francs." A gram of heroin or cocaine now costs
about $36 on the street and 12 Swiss francs equals about $8.70.
Under the plan, a user could withdraw drugs daily, or up to one weeks supply, for
an amount lower than current street rates. Winizki, who lives near the area of Zurich once
known as "Needle Park" for its gathering of heroin addicts, said he began
working on the idea in 1992 when he saw "people dying every day from overdoses and
hepatitis and that made me very angry."
Opinion polls indicate that only about 40 percent of Swiss support the liberalization
idea. That would suggest passage is unlikely. But the drug issue pervades Switzerland,
where federal statistics count between 30,000 and 36,000 narcotics addicts, most of them
using heroin.
Estimates indicate that 500,000 Swissof a total population
of 7 millionroutinely use cannabis, and initiative supporters believe that even if
their measure is defeated on Sunday, the widespread debate over it will clear the way for
legalization of cannabis.
A leading Swiss magazine, LIllustre, found in a recent poll that even among
those polled who oppose Sundays legalization initiative, 40 percent would back the
legal sale of cannabis for people over 18, and 51 percent its sale for medical purposes.
Unlike other European countries that tolerate cannabis consumption, Switzerland pursues
and punishes it. Last year, four out of five arrests were for marijuana and hashish use.
Penalties range from one day to three months in jail for second-time users, and up to
three years for heavy users, according to federal police.
(Marijuananews note: This seems to vary greatly from canton to canton. By the way, when
this Times story ran in the Dallas Morning News the section on cannabis legalization was
omitted.)
Government officials say they fear that drug liberalization will eviscerate their
efforts to address Switzerlands serious drug problem. Figures from the European
Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction in Lisbon suggest that drug use in
Switzerland is among the highest in Europe, eclipsed only by Italy, Spain and tiny
Luxembourg in drug use per 1,000 adults.
Switzerlands drug problems were exposed when authorities experimented with open
access to drugs in Zurich beginning in 1989. When drug dealing and violence escalated,
Swiss officials abandoned the free needles and syringes and began an experimental program
to dispense heroin to a controlled group of hard-core addicts. This controversial effort
survived a ballot challenge last year, when an unexpectedly high 71 percent endorsed it.
Federal officials say they fear, though, that legalization will make it harder to curb
hard drug use.
"Switzerland would become a paradise for the Mafia," said Thomas Zeltner, who
heads the federal health department.
The country would end up isolated from international crime-fighting efforts, and money
laundering would increase, said Valentin Roschacher, the federal anti-drug chief.
"You cant fight organized crime without partners," he said in a telephone
interview from the capital, Bern.
Zeltner noted that the number of new drug users was down, treatment was up and overdose
deaths, addict-related crime and new HIV cases also had decreased markedly, and urged
voters not to jeopardize such gains. The poll by LIllustre suggested support for
Sundays measure rested largely on the belief that it would curb crime.
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